Trinh Luong was born in 1933 and is the eldest son of Trinh Van Bo, a prominent bourgeois nationalist who contributed much support to the Viet Minh during and after World War II. He participated in the Hanoi scouts association (huong dao sinh) and gives much information about his time there, where he first came in contact with nationalist ideas and slogans. Interestingly, he says that while many members of this association were steeped in nationalism, none of what they learned in their classes concerned communism or the Soviet Union; only past national heroes were mentioned (he recalls this was not made illegal by the French). He talks about his father and several other members of his family or circle of friends who traveled around the Viet Bac and gave financial support to the Viet Minh, as many were “petty bourgeois” (tieu tu san). Several well-known Viet Minh/Communist Party leaders are mentioned, including Nguyen Luong Bang, Vo Nguyen Giap, Van Cao, Le Duc Anh, Le Kha Phieu, and Khuat Duy Tien. Luong provides interesting information concerning the intersection of bourgeois nationalism and Communism among the Viet Minh and nationalist circles during and immediately after World War II. Several affiliated associations or branches of the Viet Minh are mentioned, such as the Socialist and Democratic parties and the Women’s Association. As he was still only about 12 years old in 1945, he talks about what they learned in school after the August Revolution, such as changes (or lack thereof) in the curriculum. He ends by talking about the Anti-Party Affair of the 1960s and expresses his displeasure concerning some of the leaders who gained influence in the Party after the 1945 “generation” (Ho Chi Minh, Vo Nguyen Giap, etc.), the latter of which he feels more closely reflected his and his family’s ideas.